{"id":129398,"date":"2024-09-06T08:03:38","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T08:03:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/?p=129398"},"modified":"2024-10-30T14:07:55","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T14:07:55","slug":"how-to-build-a-sentence-in-german-get-to-know-german-word-order","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/en\/blog\/how-to-build-a-sentence-in-german-get-to-know-german-word-order","title":{"rendered":"How to Build a Sentence in German? Get to Know German Word Order"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-10 col-lg-9 col-xl-8 mx-auto\"><div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p><strong>Understanding sentence structure in German is a key step in learning the language. German grammar follows strict rules that may seem complex, but mastering them opens doors to effective communication. In this article, we\u2019ll introduce German sentence structure, its most important rules, and examples to show you how to build correct sentences in German.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Basic German Word Order \u2013 SVO (Subject + Verb + Object)<\/h2>\n\n<p>In German, as in English, the simplest sentence consists of three elements: the subject (Subjekt), the verb (Verb), and the object (Objekt). In a declarative sentence, the conjugated verb always occupies the second position. If the subject comes first, directly before the verb, we have a simple sentence structure.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">Simple Word Order in Declarative Sentences<\/h3>\n\n<p>subject || verb || object or adverbial<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><em>Sie || arbeitet || in Augsburg.<\/em> <\/strong>\u2013 She || works || in Augsburg.<\/p>\n\n<p><em><strong>Er || ist || Pole.<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 He || is || Polish.<\/p>\n\n<p><em><strong>Eutin || liegt || s\u00fcdlich von Kiel.<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Eutin || is located || south of Kiel.<\/p>\n\n<p>This structure is used in declarative sentences when there are no additional complex elements.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Word Order in Questions<\/h2>\n\n<p>In questions, word order changes. A question word typically appears at the beginning, followed by the verb, and the subject moves to the end of the question.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">Word Order in Questions with a Question Word<\/h3>\n\n<p>question word || verb || subject<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>Woher || kommt || er?<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Where || does he || come from?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Wo || wohnt || sie?<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Where || does she || live?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Wer || studiert || Geschichte?<\/em> <\/strong>\u2013 Who || studies || history?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>A yes\/no question, which lacks a question word, follows this structure:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>Ist sie da?<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Is she (at home)?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Hat sie heute Deutschunterricht?<\/em> <\/strong>\u2013 Does she have German class today?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The answer to such questions can be a simple &#8220;Ja&#8221; (Yes) or &#8220;Nein&#8221; (No) or a complete sentence, such as:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>Ja, sie ist da.<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 Yes, she is at home.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Nein, sie ist nicht da.<\/em> <\/strong>\u2013 No, she is not here.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Ja, sie hat heute Deutschunterricht.<\/em> <\/strong>\u2013 Yes, she has German today.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Nein, sie hat heute keinen Deutschunterricht.<\/em> <\/strong>\u2013 No, she doesn\u2019t have German today.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simple vs. Inverted Word Order<\/h2>\n\n<p>One unique aspect of German is inverted word order. When we want to emphasize a specific part of the sentence, we use inversion, moving the highlighted element to the beginning. This means that in sentences with time, place, or reason adverbs, these elements can stand at the beginning of the sentence, and the subject moves after the verb.<\/p>\n\n<p>Inverted Word Order in Declarative Sentences:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>S\u00fcdlich von Kiel<\/strong> (adverbial) <strong>liegt<\/strong> (verb) <strong>Eutin <\/strong>(subject).<\/em> \u2013 South of Kiel lies Eutin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Ab heute<\/strong> (adverbial)<strong> lernen<\/strong> (verb)<strong> wir<\/strong> (subject) <strong>Deutsch.<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 From today, we are learning German.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Final Word Order in Subordinate Clauses<\/h2>\n\n<p>A completely different rule applies to subordinate clauses, where the verb moves to the end of the sentence.<\/p>\n\n<p>Example:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>Ich wei\u00df, dass du ein Buch kaufst.<\/em> <\/strong>\u2013 I know that you\u2019re buying a book.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><strong>Why is this important?<\/strong> In German, subordinate clauses require special attention. They begin with a conjunction (e.g., \u201cdass\u201d \u2013 \u201cthat\u201d), and the verb lands at the end. Without this knowledge, misunderstandings can arise.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compound Sentences \u2013 When There Are Two Verbs<\/h2>\n\n<p>Another challenge is building sentences with more than one verb, typically in modal verb constructions or past tense. It\u2019s essential to remember that in such sentences, the first verb occupies its usual position, while the second verb moves to the end of the sentence.<\/p>\n\n<p>A compound sentence consists of at least two simple sentences, for example:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>Er ruft in einem Hotel an. Er bekommt ein Doppelzimmer.<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Er bekommt ein Doppelzimmer. Die Einzelzimmer sind belegt.<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>When the sentence above is joined with connectors such as \u201c<strong>und<\/strong>\u201d (and) or \u201c<strong>denn<\/strong>\u201d (because), it forms a compound sentence with the following structure: <br><em><strong>Er ruft in einem Hotel an und bekommt ein Doppelzimmer.<\/strong><\/em> <br>After &#8220;und,&#8221; simple word order is used, and if both clauses share the same subject, it is not repeated.<\/p>\n\n<p><em><strong>Er bekommt ein Doppelzimmer, denn die Einzelzimmer sind belegt.<\/strong><\/em> <br>After &#8220;denn,&#8221; simple word order follows, and the subject is repeated even if it\u2019s the same in both clauses: <br><em><strong>Er bekommt ein Doppelzimmer, denn er kommt mit seiner Frau.<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 He gets a double room because he\u2019s coming with his wife.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Word Order with Prepositions and Separable Verbs<\/h2>\n\n<p>German has separable verbs, which consist of a prefix and the verb stem. In a declarative sentence, the prefix is separated and moved to the end.<\/p>\n\n<p>Example:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>Ich stehe fr\u00fch auf.<\/em> <\/strong>\u2013 I get up early.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The verb &#8220;aufstehen&#8221; (to get up) splits into &#8220;stehe&#8221; and &#8220;auf,&#8221; and the prefix &#8220;auf&#8221; goes to the end.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Order of Words in Sentences with Adjectives and Adverbs<\/h2>\n\n<p>Prepositions, adjectives, and time or place adverbs also have specific positions. The general rule is that prepositions appear before the noun they relate to, while adjectives precede the noun they describe.<\/p>\n\n<p>Example:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>Ich kaufe das neue Buch heute.<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 I\u2019m buying the new book today.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>In this sentence, the adverb of time \u201cheute\u201d (today) appears at the end, and the adjective \u201cneue\u201d (new) describes the noun \u201cBuch\u201d (book).<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">German Word Order \u2013 Exceptions and Nuances<\/h2>\n\n<p>German grammar has exceptions, especially in spoken language. Native speakers may adjust word order for emphasis, meaning word order can be more flexible than it seems. However, by following these basic rules, you\u2019ll gain confidence in sentence building.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n<p>Understanding German word order is key to effective communication. The basic SVO structure is the foundation on which more complex constructions are built. Whether you\u2019re forming a simple statement, a question, or a subordinate clause, the key is to know the position of the verb and other sentence elements. With regular practice, these rules will become second nature, and your sentences will be not only correct but also natural.<\/p>\n\n<p>Some of the above information comes from the German course for beginners: German A1. Kein Problem! You can find more information and exercises to help you remember German <a href=\"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/en\/courses\/german\/grammar?language_of_instruction=english\">grammar effectively<\/a> in the SuperMemo courses listed below.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"acf-block-courses-block_df3add25093a9c7fd7764b45b938e736\" class=\"acf-block-courses bg-secondary c-mt-0 c-pt-8 c-pb-8\">\r\n    <div class=\"container\">\r\n\r\n        \r\n                    <div id=\"acf-block-courses-block_df3add25093a9c7fd7764b45b938e736\" class=\"\">\r\n\r\n                        \r\n                        \r\n                        \r\n                                <div class=\"row c-mt-4 justify-content-center\">\r\n\r\n                                    <br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: single_v2_price_1Y_prefix in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>12<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: has_v2_prices in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>14<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: single_v2_prices in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>15<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: price in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>17<\/b><br \/>\n\r\n<div class=\"course-card col-12 col-sm-4 col-xl-3 d-flex \">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/en\/courses\/deutsch-rektion-redewendungen\" class=\"course-card__content-wrapper bg-white w-100\">\r\n        <div class=\"d-flex flex-sm-column position-relative w-100\">\r\n            <div class=\"course-card__image overflow-hidden position-relative c-mb-xl-4 col-sm-12 aspect-ratio-1 d-flex\"> \r\n\r\n                \r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-1105.jpg\" class=\"d-block w-100 object-fit-cover lazyload\"\/>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                \r\n                    <span class=\"single-course-level-signs single-course-level-signs--B1-C1 d-inline-block text-white lh-1 text-center position-absolute\">\r\n                        B1\r\n                        \r\n                            &#8211; C1                            \r\n                        \r\n                    <\/span>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"course-card__under-box position-relative d-flex flex-sm-column justify-content-between col-sm-12 w-100 w-sm-auto\">\r\n                <div class=\"col-10 col-sm-12\">\r\n\r\n                    <h2 class=\"course-card__title fz-12 text-body\">Idiomy i rekcja. Niemiecki<\/h2>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-1 c-mb-0 d-block d-sm-none\">German Idioms and Verb Conjugations Uncovered!<\/p>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"course-card__language-info d-flex w-100 align-items-start justify-content-end justify-content-sm-between\">\r\n                    <svg width=\"29px\" height=\"20px\" class=\"d-block\">\r\n                        <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/images\/sprite-flags.svg#flag-2\" \/>\r\n                    <\/svg>\r\n                    \r\n                    <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-0 c-mb-0 d-none d-sm-block\">German Idioms and Verb Conjugations Uncovered!<\/p>\r\n\r\n                                        <!-- <svg class=\"d-none \" width=\"17\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 17 17\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n                        <title>Right angle with background<\/title>\r\n                        <circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"8.5\" r=\"8.5\" fill=\"#F7941D\"\/>\r\n                        <path d=\"M7.55553 4.72228L11.3333 8.50005L7.55554 12.2778\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                    <\/svg> -->\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <!-- <div class=\"course-card__hover-box position-absolute d-none flex-column justify-content-between bg-white\">\r\n                    <h2 class=\"fz-12 text-body text-break\">Idiomy i rekcja. 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Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfige Verben<\/h2>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-1 c-mb-0 d-block d-sm-none\">A monolingual course of irregular verbs at all levels.<\/p>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"course-card__language-info d-flex w-100 align-items-start justify-content-end justify-content-sm-between\">\r\n                    <svg width=\"29px\" height=\"20px\" class=\"d-block\">\r\n                        <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/images\/sprite-flags.svg#flag-2\" \/>\r\n                    <\/svg>\r\n                    \r\n                    <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-0 c-mb-0 d-none d-sm-block\">A monolingual course of irregular verbs at all levels.<\/p>\r\n\r\n                                        <!-- <svg class=\"d-none\" width=\"17\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 17 17\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n                        <title>Right angle with background<\/title>\r\n                        <circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"8.5\" r=\"8.5\" fill=\"#F7941D\"\/>\r\n                        <path d=\"M7.55553 4.72228L11.3333 8.50005L7.55554 12.2778\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                    <\/svg> -->\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <!-- <div class=\"course-card__hover-box position-absolute d-none flex-column justify-content-between bg-white\">\r\n                    <h2 class=\"fz-12 text-body text-break\">Deutsch. Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfige Verbe...<\/h2>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-1 c-mb-0\">A monolingual course of irregular verbs at all levels.<\/p>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"course-card__language-info d-flex w-100 justify-content-between\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"29px\" height=\"20px\">\r\n                            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/images\/sprite-flags.svg#flag-2\" \/>\r\n                        <\/svg>\r\n                        \r\n                        <svg class=\"d-lg-none\" width=\"17\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 17 17\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n                            <title>Right angle with background<\/title>\r\n                            <circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"8.5\" r=\"8.5\" fill=\"#F7941D\"\/>\r\n                            <path d=\"M7.55553 4.72228L11.3333 8.50005L7.55554 12.2778\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                        <\/svg>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div> -->\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"course-card__prices d-block c-mt-2\" data-prices='[]'>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            \r\n                        \r\n            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-between flex-wrap flex-lg-nowrap\">\r\n               \r\n                    <div class=\"course-card__price-name text-wrap text-body fz-12\">\r\n                    \r\n                                        \r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <span class=\"course-card__price-value text-wrap text-body fz-12 w-sm-100 w-lg-auto text-lg-nowrap\"><span class=\"js-single-price\" data-type=\"single\">Free<\/span><\/span>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n\r\n\r\n                   \r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div><br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: single_v2_price_1Y_prefix in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>12<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: has_v2_prices in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>14<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: single_v2_prices in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>15<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: price in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>17<\/b><br \/>\n\r\n<div class=\"course-card col-12 col-sm-4 col-xl-3 d-flex \">\r\n    <a 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