{"id":139500,"date":"2025-05-30T10:39:27","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T10:39:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.supermemo.com\/?p=139500"},"modified":"2025-06-02T10:39:46","modified_gmt":"2025-06-02T10:39:46","slug":"ser-estar-haber-jak-ugryzc-czasownik-byc-po-hiszpansku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/pl\/blog\/ser-estar-haber-jak-ugryzc-czasownik-byc-po-hiszpansku","title":{"rendered":"Ser, estar, haber \u2013 jak ugry\u017a\u0107 czasownik \u201eby\u0107\u201d po hiszpa\u0144sku?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-md-10 col-lg-9 col-xl-8 mx-auto\"><div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p><strong>W j\u0119zyku hiszpa\u0144skim nie wystarczy jeden czasownik, by powiedzie\u0107 \u201eby\u0107\u201d. Zamiast tego mamy trzy: ser, estar i haber. Ka\u017cdy z nich funkcjonuje w okre\u015blonym kontek\u015bcie i niesie inne znaczenie. Opanowanie ich u\u017cycia to jeden z kluczy do p\u0142ynnej i poprawnej komunikacji. W tym artykule wyja\u015bniamy, kiedy i jak ich u\u017cywa\u0107 \u2013 z konkretnymi przyk\u0142adami.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ser \u2013 j\u0105dro to\u017csamo\u015bci i cech trwa\u0142ych<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Ser<\/strong> u\u017cywamy do:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>opisu to\u017csamo\u015bci,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>okre\u015blania zawodu,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>narodowo\u015bci i pochodzenia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>opisu cech sta\u0142ych (np. charakteru lub koloru),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>okre\u015blania czasu (godzina, data, dzie\u0144 tygodnia),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>m\u00f3wienia o relacjach mi\u0119dzyludzkich.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ady:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ella <strong>es<\/strong> doctora. \u2013 Ona jest lekark\u0105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nosotros <strong>somos<\/strong> de Espa\u00f1a. \u2013 Jeste\u015bmy z Hiszpanii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 hora <strong>es<\/strong>? \u2013 Kt\u00f3ra jest godzina?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Madrid <strong>es<\/strong> una ciudad muy grande. \u2013 Madryt to bardzo du\u017ce miasto.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><strong>Wskaz\u00f3wka:<\/strong> Ser to jak t\u0119tno osoby \u2013 okre\u015bla to, kim kto\u015b jest na poziomie podstawowym i trwa\u0142ym.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<p><strong>Odmiana czasownika \u201eser\u201d w czasie tera\u017aniejszym (presente):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Osoba<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Odmiana<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">yo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">soy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">t\u00fa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">eres<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00e9l\/ella\/usted<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">es<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">nosotros\/as<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">somos<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">vosotros\/as<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">sois<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ellos\/as\/ustedes<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">son<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Estar \u2013 stan, lokalizacja i zmienno\u015b\u0107<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Estar<\/strong> u\u017cywamy do:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>opisywania po\u0142o\u017cenia (lokalizacji fizycznej),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>opisu stanu emocjonalnego lub fizycznego,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stan\u00f3w tymczasowych i przej\u015bciowych,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>opisu efekt\u00f3w dzia\u0142ania (np. drzwi s\u0105 zamkni\u0119te).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ady:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Estoy <\/strong>cansado. \u2013 Jestem zm\u0119czony.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El libro <strong>est\u00e1<\/strong> en la mesa. \u2013 Ksi\u0105\u017cka jest na stole.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mis padres <strong>est\u00e1n<\/strong> de vacaciones. \u2013 Moi rodzice s\u0105 na wakacjach.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El restaurante <strong>est\u00e1<\/strong> cerrado. \u2013 Restauracja jest zamkni\u0119ta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Por\u00f3wnanie:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>El chico <strong>es<\/strong> aburrido. \u2013 Ch\u0142opak jest nudny (z natury).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El chico <strong>est\u00e1<\/strong> aburrido. \u2013 Ch\u0142opak si\u0119 nudzi (w tej chwili).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><strong>Mnemotechnika:<\/strong> My\u015bl o &#8222;estar&#8221; jak o stanie pogody \u2013 zmienia si\u0119, jest chwilowa i zale\u017cna od okoliczno\u015bci.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<p><strong>Odmiana czasownika \u201eestar\u201d w czasie tera\u017aniejszym (presente):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Osoba<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Odmiana<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">yo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">estoy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">t\u00fa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">est\u00e1s<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00e9l\/ella\/usted<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">est\u00e1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">nosotros\/as<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">estamos<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">vosotros\/as<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">est\u00e1is<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ellos\/as\/ustedes<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">est\u00e1n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Haber \u2013 istnienie i bezosobowe &#8222;by\u0107&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Haber<\/strong> najcz\u0119\u015bciej wyst\u0119puje w formie <strong>hay<\/strong> (odpowiednik angielskiego &#8222;there is \/ there are&#8221;). U\u017cywa si\u0119 go do:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>wskazywania istnienia czego\u015b,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>informowania o obecno\u015bci rzeczy\/os\u00f3b w danym miejscu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ady:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hay<\/strong> una tienda cerca de aqu\u00ed. \u2013 Jest tu w pobli\u017cu sklep.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En la mesa <strong>hay<\/strong> tres libros. \u2013 Na stole s\u0105 trzy ksi\u0105\u017cki.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No <strong>hay<\/strong> nadie en casa. \u2013 Nie ma nikogo w domu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><strong>Warto wiedzie\u0107:<\/strong> Po &#8222;hay&#8221; nigdy nie u\u017cywamy rodzajnika okre\u015blonego (el\/la\/los\/las). M\u00f3wimy &#8222;hay un hotel&#8221;, a nie &#8222;hay el hotel&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<p><strong>Kontrast:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hay<\/strong> un gato en el jard\u00edn. \u2013 W ogrodzie jest kot (og\u00f3lnie m\u00f3wi\u0105c).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El gato <strong>est\u00e1<\/strong> en el jard\u00edn. \u2013 Kot jest w ogrodzie (znany rozm\u00f3wcom).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak nie pomyli\u0107 ser, estar i haber?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Stosuj skojarzenia:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ser<\/strong> \u2013 to\u017csamo\u015b\u0107, zaw\u00f3d, pochodzenie, definicja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Estar<\/strong> \u2013 miejsce, nastr\u00f3j, stan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Haber<\/strong> \u2013 istnienie, liczba czego\u015b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Mo\u017cesz te\u017c stworzy\u0107 w\u0142asne mnemotechniki:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8222;Ser jak struktura&#8221; \u2013 trzon tego, kim jeste\u015b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8222;Estar jak etapy&#8221; \u2013 co si\u0119 dzieje teraz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8222;Haber jak horyzont&#8221; \u2013 co wida\u0107 dooko\u0142a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Podsumowanie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zrozumienie r\u00f3\u017cnic mi\u0119dzy <strong>ser<\/strong>, <strong>estar<\/strong> i <strong>haber<\/strong> to podstawa skutecznej komunikacji w j\u0119zyku hiszpa\u0144skim. Ka\u017cdy z tych czasownik\u00f3w ma swoje miejsce i funkcj\u0119. Ich poprawne u\u017cycie to nie tylko kwestia gramatyki, ale te\u017c wyczucia kontekstu. W\u0142a\u015bnie dlatego warto \u0107wiczy\u0107 je regularnie, najlepiej z praktycznymi kursami, w kt\u00f3rych uczysz si\u0119 przez kontekst, a nie definicje. Sprawd\u017a kursy hiszpa\u0144skiego w SuperMemo i zacznij u\u017cywa\u0107 hiszpa\u0144skiego tak, jak robi\u0105 to native speakerzy.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<div id=\"acf-block-courses-block_ea1fc2204b3ac9fe3b56ec736fd2787a\" class=\"acf-block-courses bg-secondary c-mt-0 c-pt-8 c-pb-8\">\r\n    <div class=\"container\">\r\n\r\n        \r\n                    <div id=\"acf-block-courses-block_ea1fc2204b3ac9fe3b56ec736fd2787a\" class=\"\">\r\n\r\n                        \r\n                        \r\n                        \r\n                                <div class=\"row c-mt-4 justify-content-center\">\r\n\r\n                                    <br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: single_v2_price_1Y_prefix in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>12<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: has_v2_prices in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>14<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: single_v2_prices in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>15<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: price in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>17<\/b><br \/>\n\r\n<div class=\"course-card col-12 col-sm-4 col-xl-3 d-flex \">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/pl\/kursy\/megakomplet-hiszpanski\" class=\"course-card__content-wrapper bg-white w-100\">\r\n        <div class=\"d-flex flex-sm-column position-relative w-100\">\r\n            <div class=\"course-card__image overflow-hidden position-relative c-mb-xl-4 col-sm-12 aspect-ratio-1 d-flex\"> \r\n\r\n                \r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-1132.jpg\" class=\"d-block w-100 object-fit-cover lazyload\"\/>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                \r\n                    <span class=\"single-course-level-signs single-course-level-signs--A0-C2 d-inline-block text-white lh-1 text-center position-absolute\">\r\n                        A0\r\n                        \r\n                            &#8211; C2                            \r\n                        \r\n                    <\/span>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"course-card__under-box position-relative d-flex flex-sm-column justify-content-between col-sm-12 w-100 w-sm-auto\">\r\n                <div class=\"col-10 col-sm-12\">\r\n\r\n                    <h2 class=\"course-card__title fz-12 text-body\">Megakomplet kurs\u00f3w hiszpa\u0144skiego 15 w 1<\/h2>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-1 c-mb-0 d-block d-sm-none\">Megakomplet 15 kurs\u00f3w hiszpa\u0144skiego w SuperMemo!<\/p>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"course-card__language-info d-flex w-100 align-items-start justify-content-end justify-content-sm-between\">\r\n                    <svg width=\"29px\" height=\"20px\" class=\"d-block\">\r\n                        <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/images\/sprite-flags.svg#flag-7\" \/>\r\n                    <\/svg>\r\n                    \r\n                    <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-0 c-mb-0 d-none d-sm-block\">Megakomplet 15 kurs\u00f3w hiszpa\u0144skiego w SuperMemo!<\/p>\r\n\r\n                                        <!-- <svg class=\"d-none \" width=\"17\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 17 17\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n                        <title>Right angle with background<\/title>\r\n                        <circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"8.5\" r=\"8.5\" fill=\"#F7941D\"\/>\r\n                        <path d=\"M7.55553 4.72228L11.3333 8.50005L7.55554 12.2778\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                    <\/svg> -->\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <!-- <div class=\"course-card__hover-box position-absolute d-none flex-column justify-content-between bg-white\">\r\n                    <h2 class=\"fz-12 text-body text-break\">Megakomplet kurs\u00f3w hiszpa\u0144skiego...<\/h2>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-1 c-mb-0\">Megakomplet 15 kurs\u00f3w hiszpa\u0144skiego w SuperMemo!<\/p>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"course-card__language-info d-flex w-100 justify-content-between\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"29px\" height=\"20px\">\r\n                            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/images\/sprite-flags.svg#flag-7\" \/>\r\n                        <\/svg>\r\n                        \r\n                        <svg class=\"d-lg-none\" width=\"17\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 17 17\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n                            <title>Right angle with background<\/title>\r\n                            <circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"8.5\" r=\"8.5\" fill=\"#F7941D\"\/>\r\n                            <path d=\"M7.55553 4.72228L11.3333 8.50005L7.55554 12.2778\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                        <\/svg>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div> -->\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"course-card__prices d-block c-mt-2\" data-prices='[]'>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            \r\n            \r\n            \r\n\r\n\r\n                   \r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div><br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: single_v2_price_1Y_prefix in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>12<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: has_v2_prices in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>14<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: single_v2_prices in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>15<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: price in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>17<\/b><br \/>\n\r\n<div class=\"course-card col-12 col-sm-4 col-xl-3 d-flex \">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/pl\/kursy\/hiszpanski-a1-c1-no-hay-problema\" class=\"course-card__content-wrapper bg-white w-100\">\r\n        <div class=\"d-flex flex-sm-column position-relative w-100\">\r\n            <div class=\"course-card__image overflow-hidden position-relative c-mb-xl-4 col-sm-12 aspect-ratio-1 d-flex\"> \r\n\r\n                \r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-1096.jpg\" class=\"d-block w-100 object-fit-cover lazyload\"\/>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                \r\n                    <span class=\"single-course-level-signs single-course-level-signs--A1-C1 d-inline-block text-white lh-1 text-center position-absolute\">\r\n                        A1\r\n                        \r\n                            &#8211; C1                            \r\n                        \r\n                    <\/span>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"course-card__under-box position-relative d-flex flex-sm-column justify-content-between col-sm-12 w-100 w-sm-auto\">\r\n                <div class=\"col-10 col-sm-12\">\r\n\r\n                    <h2 class=\"course-card__title fz-12 text-body\">Hiszpa\u0144ski. \u00a1No hay problema! Wszystkie poziomy A1-C1<\/h2>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-1 c-mb-0 d-block d-sm-none\">Komplet kurs\u00f3w do nauki j\u0119zyka hiszpa\u0144skiego od poziomu A1 do C1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"course-card__language-info d-flex w-100 align-items-start justify-content-end justify-content-sm-between\">\r\n                    <svg width=\"29px\" height=\"20px\" class=\"d-block\">\r\n                        <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/images\/sprite-flags.svg#flag-7\" \/>\r\n                    <\/svg>\r\n                    \r\n                    <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-0 c-mb-0 d-none d-sm-block\">Komplet kurs\u00f3w do nauki j\u0119zyka hiszpa\u0144skiego od poziomu A1 do C1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n                                        <!-- <svg class=\"d-none \" width=\"17\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 17 17\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n                        <title>Right angle with background<\/title>\r\n                        <circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"8.5\" r=\"8.5\" fill=\"#F7941D\"\/>\r\n                        <path d=\"M7.55553 4.72228L11.3333 8.50005L7.55554 12.2778\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                    <\/svg> -->\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <!-- <div class=\"course-card__hover-box position-absolute d-none flex-column justify-content-between bg-white\">\r\n                    <h2 class=\"fz-12 text-body text-break\">Hiszpa\u0144ski. \u00a1No hay problema!...<\/h2>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-1 c-mb-0\">Komplet kurs\u00f3w do nauki j\u0119zyka hiszpa\u0144skiego od poziomu A1 do C1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"course-card__language-info d-flex w-100 justify-content-between\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"29px\" height=\"20px\">\r\n                            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/images\/sprite-flags.svg#flag-7\" \/>\r\n                        <\/svg>\r\n                        \r\n                        <svg class=\"d-lg-none\" width=\"17\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 17 17\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n                            <title>Right angle with background<\/title>\r\n                            <circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"8.5\" r=\"8.5\" fill=\"#F7941D\"\/>\r\n                            <path d=\"M7.55553 4.72228L11.3333 8.50005L7.55554 12.2778\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                        <\/svg>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div> -->\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"course-card__prices d-block c-mt-2\" data-prices='[]'>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            \r\n            \r\n            \r\n\r\n\r\n                   \r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div><br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: single_v2_price_1Y_prefix in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>12<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: has_v2_prices in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>14<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: single_v2_prices in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>15<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Notice<\/b>:  Undefined index: price in <b>\/home\/supermemo\/public_html\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/template-parts\/components\/courses\/course-card.php<\/b> on line <b>17<\/b><br \/>\n\r\n<div class=\"course-card col-12 col-sm-4 col-xl-3 d-flex \">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/pl\/kursy\/hiszpanski-a1-no-hay-problema\" class=\"course-card__content-wrapper bg-white w-100\">\r\n        <div class=\"d-flex flex-sm-column position-relative w-100\">\r\n            <div class=\"course-card__image overflow-hidden position-relative c-mb-xl-4 col-sm-12 aspect-ratio-1 d-flex\"> \r\n\r\n                \r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-949.jpg\" class=\"d-block w-100 object-fit-cover lazyload\"\/>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                \r\n                    <span class=\"single-course-level-signs single-course-level-signs--only-A1 d-inline-block text-white lh-1 text-center position-absolute\">\r\n                        A1\r\n                        \r\n                    <\/span>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"course-card__under-box position-relative d-flex flex-sm-column justify-content-between col-sm-12 w-100 w-sm-auto\">\r\n                <div class=\"col-10 col-sm-12\">\r\n\r\n                    <h2 class=\"course-card__title fz-12 text-body\">Hiszpa\u0144ski A1. \u00a1No hay problema!<\/h2>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-1 c-mb-0 d-block d-sm-none\">Kompleksowy kurs hiszpa\u0144skiego od podstaw na poziomie A1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"course-card__language-info d-flex w-100 align-items-start justify-content-end justify-content-sm-between\">\r\n                    <svg width=\"29px\" height=\"20px\" class=\"d-block\">\r\n                        <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/images\/sprite-flags.svg#flag-7\" \/>\r\n                    <\/svg>\r\n                    \r\n                    <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-0 c-mb-0 d-none d-sm-block\">Kompleksowy kurs hiszpa\u0144skiego od podstaw na poziomie A1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n                                        <!-- <svg class=\"d-none \" width=\"17\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 17 17\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n                        <title>Right angle with background<\/title>\r\n                        <circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"8.5\" r=\"8.5\" fill=\"#F7941D\"\/>\r\n                        <path d=\"M7.55553 4.72228L11.3333 8.50005L7.55554 12.2778\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                    <\/svg> -->\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <!-- <div class=\"course-card__hover-box position-absolute d-none flex-column justify-content-between bg-white\">\r\n                    <h2 class=\"fz-12 text-body text-break\">Hiszpa\u0144ski A1. \u00a1No hay probl...<\/h2>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <p class=\"course-card__short-description bg-white text-body fz-12 lh-1-1 c-mt-1 c-mb-0\">Kompleksowy kurs hiszpa\u0144skiego od podstaw na poziomie A1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"course-card__language-info d-flex w-100 justify-content-between\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"29px\" height=\"20px\">\r\n                            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/stage.supermemo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/supermemo\/images\/sprite-flags.svg#flag-7\" \/>\r\n                        <\/svg>\r\n                        \r\n                        <svg class=\"d-lg-none\" width=\"17\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 17 17\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n                            <title>Right angle with background<\/title>\r\n                            <circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"8.5\" r=\"8.5\" fill=\"#F7941D\"\/>\r\n                            <path d=\"M7.55553 4.72228L11.3333 8.50005L7.55554 12.2778\" stroke=\"white\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\r\n                        <\/svg>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div> -->\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"course-card__prices d-block c-mt-2\" data-prices='[]'>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            \r\n            \r\n            \r\n\r\n\r\n                   \r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div>                                    \r\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"W j\u0119zyku hiszpa\u0144skim nie wystarczy jeden czasownik, by powiedzie\u0107 \u201eby\u0107\u201d. Zamiast tego mamy trzy: ser, estar i haber. Ka\u017cdy z nich funkcjonuje w okre\u015blonym kontek\u015bcie i niesie inne znaczenie. Opanowanie ich u\u017cycia to jeden z kluczy do p\u0142ynnej i poprawnej komunikacji. W tym artykule wyja\u015bniamy, kiedy i jak ich u\u017cywa\u0107 \u2013 z konkretnymi przyk\u0142adami.","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":139502,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104,206],"tags":[2589,2300,1727,737,709,1257,712],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ser, estar, haber \u2013 jak ugry\u017a\u0107 czasownik \u201eby\u0107\u201d po hiszpa\u0144sku?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ser, estar, haber - to czasowniki oznaczaj\u0105ce &quot;by\u0107&quot;. Ka\u017cdy z nich funkcjonuje w okre\u015blonym kontek\u015bcie. 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