Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGravityFormsToPipedriveAPIClass::$_wpgf2pdcrm_fields_by_group is deprecated in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/gravity-forms-to-pipe-drive-crm/inc/pipedrive-api.php on line 63
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGravityFormsToPipedriveAddOn::$_wpgf2pdcrm_organisations_list_option_name is deprecated in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/gravity-forms-to-pipe-drive-crm/inc/pipedrive-feed-addon.php on line 66
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGravityFormsToPipedriveAddOn::$_wpgf2pdcrm_persons_list_option_name is deprecated in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/gravity-forms-to-pipe-drive-crm/inc/pipedrive-feed-addon.php on line 67
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGravityFormsToPipedriveAddOn::$_wpgf2pdcrm_products_list_option_name is deprecated in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/gravity-forms-to-pipe-drive-crm/inc/pipedrive-feed-addon.php on line 68
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGravityFormsToPipedriveFormField::$_wpgf2pdcrm_custom_fields_name_mapping_option is deprecated in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/gravity-forms-to-pipe-drive-crm/inc/pipedrive-gform-field.php on line 57
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Supermemo_Api_Proxy::$client_v2 is deprecated in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/themes/supermemo/inc/class-supermemo-api-proxy.php on line 21
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Courses_Url_Manager::$currency is deprecated in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/themes/supermemo/inc/class-courses-url-manager.php on line 25
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-theme-json.php on line 2380
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-theme-json.php on line 2380
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-theme-json.php on line 2380
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-theme-json.php on line 2380
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99 Ile słów trzeba, żeby porozumiewać się płynnie? - SuperMemo Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99 Skip to main content
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Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as the key parameter for array_key_exists() is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/vendor/wpml/fp/core/Obj.php on line 98
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type-registry.php on line 168
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Czy nauczenie się nazw ponad 6000 gatunków chrząszczy występujących w Polsce pozwoli Wam na swobodną komunikację po polsku? Odpowiedź na to pytanie, jest zdecydowanie prostsza, niż określenie tego, ilu słów potrzebujecie, żeby porozumiewać się w wybranym języku obcym. Niemniej, nie jest to zadanie skazane na porażkę!
Ilu słów potrzebujesz? Zacznijmy od podstaw
Zacznijmy może od tego, co liczyć? Co uznać za pojedyncze słówko? Czy np. Słowo „rower” i „rowery”, czyli liczbę pojedynczą i mnogą, liczyć jako jedno słowo, czy dwa? Do dalszych rozważań i prób odpowiedzi na pytanie: ile słów jest potrzebnych, żeby porozumiewać się w obcym języku, pomocne będzie wprowadzenie określenia „rodzina wyrazów”.
Czym jest rodzina wyrazów?
Rodzina wyrazów to słowo i jego wszystkie formy odmienione przez rodzaje, liczby i przypadki. Każdą rodzinę reprezentuje tzw. lemat, czyli forma słownikowa danego wyrazu. „Rower” to lemat rodziny wyrazów, „rowerów” w każdej dostępnej, poprawnej językowo formie. I pisząc o tym, ilu słów potrzebujecie, będziemy mieli na myśli właśnie rodziny wyrazów.
Nauka słownictwa a znajomość słowa
Ustaliliśmy już, czym jest słowo. Teraz pora odpowiedzieć na pytanie: co to znaczy poznać słowo? Czy przyswajając sobie formy słownikowe danego wyrazu, można powiedzieć, że już się go zna? Nauka słówek to proces. Doskonale widać to na przykładzie czasownika „have”. Jeśli angielski jest dla Was językiem obcym, to poznając „have” jako „mieć” jesteście na początku przygody z tym słowem. Dopiero po czasie, zgłębiając tajniki gramatyki, odkrywacie niezwykle złożoną rolę tego angielskiego słówka:
Może ono pełnić funkcję czasownika posiłkowego: Have you ever been to Spain?
Tworzyć kolokacje: Adam has it in for me. I don’t know what I did to him. (Adam chowa do mnie urazę. Nie wiem, co mu zrobiłem.).
Pełni funkcję operatora we wszystkich czasach typu Perfect (Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous).
Jak widać, odkrywając podstawowe znaczenie słowa, nie można spocząć na laurach. To nie koniec, a dopiero początek nauki.
Etapy poznawania słowa
Na początku musicie poznać podstawową formę słowa (lemat) i jego znaczenie. Pomocne na tym etapie będą MemoKarty, czyli elektroniczne wersje popularnych fiszek, na których to możecie zapisać nowo poznane słowa w aplikacji SuperMemo.
Kolejnym krokiem jest nauka odmiany danego wyrazu, przez osoby, przypadki czy czasy – oczywiście wszystko zależy od specyfiki konkretnej gramatyki.
Później warto poznać inne niż główne znaczenia słowa i nauczyć się stosować je w praktyce.
Ostatnim etapem jest znajomość wszystkich pobocznych znaczeń danego słowa wraz z kolokacjami.
Powyższy proces ma charakter ciągły, dlatego nie przejmujcie się, że pomimo usilnych starań wciąż nie jesteście w stanie wymienić wszystkich związków frazeologicznych z danym słowem. Nie o to nam w ostatecznym rozrachunku chodzi. Celem jest przecież zazwyczaj swobodna komunikacja, a nie językowa erudycja.
Ilu słów używa native speaker?
William Shakespear do stworzenia swoich dzieł, które na zawsze odmieniły historię literatury, potrzebował około 20 tys. słów i właśnie mniej więcej takiej ilości słów, lematów używa wykształcony Brytyjczyk (przeczytać o tym możecie w książce Learning Vocabulary in Another Language). Co nie jest imponującą liczbą, biorąc pod uwagę, że według Oxford English Dictionary w języku angielskim wyróżniamy 171 146 słów będących w aktualnym użyciu. Wiele z nich jest jednak znanych tylko w wąskich kręgach specjalistów i na szczęście, żeby płynnie porozumiewać się po angielsku (ale nie tylko) potrzebne będzie Wam zdecydowanie mniej słów.
Ilu słów potrzebujesz, żeby osiągnąć cel?
Według profesora Stewarta Webb’a, lingwisty z Uniwersytetu Zachodniego Ontario, najszybszą drogą do porozumiewania się w obcym języku jest nauka 800-1000 słówek. Co jednak niezwykle istotne, muszą być to najczęściej używane słowa w danym języku. Opanowanie 800 najpopularniejszych słów powinno pozwolić Wam na zrozumienie mniej więcej 75% codziennych rozmów. Taką drogę warto obrać, jeżeli chcecie po prostu swobodnie komunikować się w języku obcym. Oczywiście, jeżeli Waszym celem jest podszkolenie języka w celach zawodowych, lub gdy planujecie podjąć studia na zagranicznej uczelni, podstawy nie wystarczą. Są one jednak niezbędnym fundamentem.
W nauce słownictwa ważne jest wyznaczenie sobie jasnego celu: komunikatywność, czy biegła znajomość języka? Jeśli macie kierownicze stanowisko w firmie i język jest Wam potrzebny do celów zawodowych, na pewno warto postawić na dobrze ukierunkowaną i pogłębiona naukę. Jeżeli natomiast myślicie o wzbogacaniu słownika w kontekście podróży, 800 słów powinno w zupełności wystarczyć.
Jak dobierać słowa do nauki?
Jesteście na początku przygody z językiem obcym? Zacznijcie od najczęściej używanych słów. Z dużym prawdopodobieństwem znajdziecie je w większości dobrych podręczników. Celując w efektywny sposób nauki słówek, zachęcamy też do skorzystania z metody SuperMemo opartej na autorskim inteligentnym systemie powtórek i do sięgnięcia po dedykowane kursy do nauki słownictwa PowerWords, Extreme.
W poszukiwaniu popularnych słówek warto sięgnąć też po listy najczęściej używanych słów w danym języku. Dostępne są powszechnie w internecie, jednak sugerujemy, żeby traktować je pomocniczo, ponieważ najlepiej uczyć się słów w określonym kontekście, czyli w użyciu, w zdaniach. Dlatego, zamiast wkuwać słówka z listy, lepiej sięgnąć po proste rozmówki. Dzięki nim łatwiej będzie zapamiętać nowe słownictwo, a przy okazji, wyłapywać z kontekstu nowe znaczenia. Dobrym źródłem najpopularniejszych słów są też słowniki frekwencyjne, zbierające najczęściej używane słownictwo z prasy, seriali, czy np. mowy potocznej. Tego typu rozwiązania znajdziecie na przykład w kursach PowerWords i Extreme od SuperMemo.
Znajomość słówek a poziom znajomości języka
W skali CERF określającej poziom znajomości języków obcych można wyróżnić 6 różnych stopni zaawansowania:
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
Zastanawialiście się kiedyś, ile słów trzeba znać na poszczególnych poziomach> No cóż, nie ma żadnych oficjalnych wymogów i wskazań. Można jednak podać przybliżoną liczbę, jako jeden z punktów odniesienia, pozwalających zorientować się, na jakim poziomie jesteście.
Ile słów powinniście znać na poszczególnych etapach nauki języka?
Chcecie sprawdzić swój rzeczywisty zasób słów? Możecie to zrobić (z zastrzeżeniem, że chodzi o słówka angielskie), wykonując test na stronie testyourvocab.com. Autorzy testu zapewniają, że jego margines błędu wynosi zaledwie 10%, a sam test został stworzony w ramach amerykańsko-brazylijskiego programu badawczego. Wykonując go, przyczyniacie się do rozwoju projektu.
Nauka słówek czy gramatyka?
Spotkaliście się kiedyś z tak postawionym pytaniem? Można oczywiście próbować na nie odpowiedzieć i nie jest to wysiłek skazany na niepowodzenie. Jednak prawda jest taka, że do swobodnej komunikacji potrzebujecie obu tych elementów, zarówno słówek, jak i gramatyki. Wybór, na czym powinniście się w większym stopniu skupić, powinien być determinowany przez cel, jaki chcecie osiągnąć.
Turysta, który chce dowiedzieć się, gdzie znajdzie przystanek autobusowy może sobie darować przyswajanie skomplikowanych zasad gramatyki, wystarczy, że przyswoi sobie podstawowe słówka japońskie, włoskie, rosyjskie, angielskie (w zależności od kraju, który chce odwiedzić), a powinno mu to wystarczyć podczas jego podróży.
Większość z nas podejmując trud nauki języka obcego, oczekuje jednak bardziej okazałych efektów. Jeżeli uczycie się w celach zawodowych, chcecie zamieszkać w innym kraju, po przyswojeniu sobie podstawowych słówek, powinniście zająć się gramatyką. Ponieważ to właśnie gramatyka stanowi swoiste rusztowanie, pozwala osadzić słowa w kontekście, zrozumieć kolokacje i po prostu swobodnie poruszać się pośród treści w danym języku.
Bierna i aktywna znajomość słówek
Zacznijmy od wyjaśnienia, czym różni się bierna znajomość od aktywnej. Często zdarza się, że programiści mogą pochwalić się bardzo dobrą bierną znajomością angielskich słówek. Wynika to z faktu, że angielski jest międzynarodowym językiem kodowania i programiści mają z nim do czynienia na co dzień (przynajmniej w formie kodu i różnych technicznych instrukcji). Obcując ze słowem pisanym, dużo czytając po angielsku, mają często całkiem niezły zasób słów, choć bywa, że ciężko im go wykorzystać w praktyce. Taka bierna znajomość słownictwa charakteryzuje się tym, że:
Masz stosunkowo bogaty zasób słów.
Jesteś w stanie sporo zrozumieć, wyłapując znaczenie z kontekstu (czytając, lub słuchając wypowiedzi w obcym języku).
Niestety bierna znajomość słówek nie wystarczy, żeby swobodnie komunikować się w języku obcym. Potrzebna jest jeszcze aktywna znajomość słownictwa, czyli wykorzystywanie go w mowie i piśmie! Dlatego tak ważny jest kontakt z native speakerem, możliwość rozmowy, mówienie, mimo częstej bariery wstydu.
Dopiero kiedy zaczniecie stosować słówka, będziecie mieli okazję dojść do językowej wprawy. Nie odwlekajcie tego momentu. Nie gromadźcie japońskich, włoskich, czy hiszpańskich słówek, jak znaczków w klaserze. Im wcześniej zaczniecie mówić, tym szybciej osiągniecie płynność i swobodę komunikacji. Ważne jest też, żebyście ćwiczyli regularnie. Zniwelujecie w ten sposób ryzyko, że nowo poznane słowa ulecą Wam z pamięci.
Jak zapamiętać słownictwo?
W nauce słówek warto oprzeć się na sprawdzonej metodzie. SuperMemo to szereg kursów opracowanych na podstawie wyników badań Piotra Woźniaka na temat procesu zapamiętywania. Kursy słownictwa Extreme lub PowerWords! zaprzęgają do pracy algorytmy, które dopasowują odstępy czasowe między przypomnieniami do indywidualnych predyspozycji każdego z uczestników kursu. Jednak pamiętajcie, że nie ma jednej jedynej słusznej metody nauki. Warto czerpać z różnych szkół i nie tylko zapamiętywać słówka, ale i ich używać!
Podobne Wpisy: Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99 Business English Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99 Ciekawostki językowe Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99 Nauka języka dla dzieciPorady Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99 Słownictwo Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99 Wymowa
Tagi: Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99 kurs języka Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99 kursy językowe Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99 nauka języków Deprecated: Using null as an array offset is deprecated, use an empty string instead in /home/supermemo/public_html/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/url-handling/converter/strategy/class-wpml-url-converter-subdir-strategy.php on line 99 porady językowe